Tuesday 2 February 2021

British Orders of Battle During the Peninsular War

British Orders of Battle During the Peninsular War

This was posted to Steven Thomas blog - I need a copy for reference only. Please go to his site for full and up to date and correct information!



    Foot

    The regimental list below is those that served in the Peninsular (Haythornthwaite, 1995; Sapherson, 1991). I have only put references if they disagree. The number of battalions comes from Sapherson (1991).
    Foot Guards Regiment Name Type Btn Remarks
    1st Guard 3
    2nd Coldstream Guard Guard 2
    3rd Scots Guard Guard 2
    Line / Foot Regiment Name Type Btn Remarks
    1st Royal Scots Line 4
    2nd Queen’s Royal Line 1
    3rd East Kent, Buffs Line 2
    4th King’s Own Line 2
    5th Northumberland Line 2
    6th 1st Warwickshire Line 2
    7th Royal Fusiliers Fusiliers 2
    9th East Norfolk Line 2
    10th North Lincolnshire Line 2 Sapherson (1991) says served in the Peninsular.
    11th North Devonshire Line 2
    14th Buckinghamshire
    Bedfordshire until 1809
    Line 3
    20th East Devonshire Line 2
    23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers Fusiliers 2
    24th Warwickshire Line 2
    26th Cameronian Line 2
    27th Inniskilling Line 3
    28th North Gloucestershire Line 2
    29th Worcestershire Line 2
    30th Cambridgeshire Line 2
    31st Huntingdonshire Line 2
    32nd Cornwall Line 2
    34th Cumberland Line 2
    36th Herefordshire Line 2
    37th North Hampshire Line 1 Raised a 2nd Bn in 1811
    38th 1st Staffordshire Line 2
    39th Dorsetshire Line 2
    40th 2nd Somersetshire Line 2
    42nd Royal Highlanders Highland 2
    43rd Monmouthshire Light Infantry Light 2
    44th East Essex Line 2
    45th 1st Nottinghamshire Line 2
    47th Lancashire Line 2
    48th Northamptonshire Line 2
    50th West Kent Line 2
    51st 2nd Yorkshire Light Infantry Light 1
    52nd Oxfordshire Light Infantry Light 2
    53rd Shropshire Line 2
    57th West Middlesex Line 2
    58th Rutlandshire Line 2
    59th 2nd Nottinghamshire Line 2
    5/60th Royal American Rifle 1 The 60th Royal American regiment had 6 battalions (Sapherson, 1991). Only the rifle armed battalion, 5/60th, served in the Peninsular. The rest of the regiment was in garrison in the West Indies.
    61st South Gloustershire Line 2
    62nd Wiltshire Line 2
    66th Berkshire Line 2
    67th South Hampshire Line 2 Sapherson (1991) says served in the Peninsular.
    68th Durham Light Infantry Light 1
    71st Highland Light Infantry Light 2
    74th Highlanders Highland 1
    76th Hindostan Line 1
    77th East Middlesex Line 1
    79th Cameron Highlanders Highland 2
    81st Line 2
    82nd Prince of Wales’s Volunteers Line 2
    83rd Line 2
    84th York and Lancaster Line 2 Haythornthwaite (1995) says served in the Peninsular.
    85th Bucks Volunteers Light Infantry Light 1
    87th Prince of Wales’s Own Irish Line 2
    88th Connaught Rangers Line 2
    89th Line 2 Haythornthwaite (1995) says served in the Peninsular.
    90th Perth Volunteers Line 2 Sapherson (1991) says served in the Peninsular.
    91st Line 2
    92nd Gordon Highlanders Highland 2
    94th Line 1
    95th Rifles Rifle 3
    97th Queen’s Own Line 1
    Foreign Regiment Name Type Btn Remarks
    King’s German Legion Line Battalions Line 8 All light companies carried rifles (Sapherson, 1991).
    King’s German Legion Light Battalions Light 2
    Dillon’s Line
    De Watteville’s Line
    De Roll’s Line The light company carried rifles (Haythornthwaite, 1995).
    Chasseurs Britannique Line

    Foot Guards

    The British Guards Infantry battalions where larger than the line battalions, and as such could field more light infantry companies than the line units could (Partridge & Oliver, 1998).

    Line Infantry

    British Infantry regiments had one or more battalions (Partridge & Oliver, 1998). The first battalion of the regiment was the senior and was usually sent on active service first. The second battalion, if any, acted as the depot from which the first battalion drew fit and trained men. Because of this system the first battalion was more likely to be up to strength (about 1,000 men) and the second battalion much reduced (about 600).
    British Line Infantry battalions had 10 companies including eight centre companies (or battalion companies), one grenadier company and one light company (Partridge & Oliver, 1998). The grenadier company formed up on the right and the light company on the left.

    Light Infantry

    British Light Infantry battalions also had 10 companies, but did not have specialist flank companies (Partridge & Oliver, 1998).

    Rifles

    The 95th Rifles (Haythornthwaite, 1995).
    The 5/60th Royal Americans (Haythornthwaite, 1995; Rafferty, 1988a, Sapherson, 1991).
    The Rifle company of De Roll’s Regiment (Haythornthwaite, 1995; Sapherson, 1991).

    Fusilier

    7th Royal Fusiliers and 23rd Royal Welsh Fusiliers served in the Peninsular (Haythornthwaite, 1995; Sapherson, 1991).

    Highlander

    According to Haythornthwaite (1995) the 42nd, 79th and 92nd Foot wore Highland uniform in the Peninsular.

    Foreign

    Kings German Legion

    The Kings German Legion (KGL) was formed from Hanoverian citizens during 1803-1806, King George III being the Elector of Hanover (Haythornthwaite, 1995). Ultimately it comprised eight infantry and two light infantry battalions, five cavalry regiments, and horse and foot artillery. The legionnaires were amongst the finest troops in the British Army.
    The 1st, 2nd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th Line served in the Peninsular (Haythornthwaite, 1995). The 5th Line was nicknamed “the Fighting Battalion” by the British. Each battalion included a half-company of sharpshooters in addition to the light company. Either these sharpshooters or the light company were equipped with rifles (Sapherson, 1991).
    The two Light Battalions were equipped with rifles (Haythornthwaite, 1995).
    In 1813 the Dragoons were converted to Light Dragoons and the Light Dragoons to Hussars (Haythornthwaite, 1995). Having said that, Schaumann (1999) who was a Hanoverian war commissary in the Peninsular consistently refers to the light cavalry as Hussars, even in the early period.

    De Roll’s Regiment

    De Roll’s, Dillon’s, and De Watteville’s Regiments were the remains of those French and Swiss troops which refused to serve the French after the Revolution, and Sapherson (1991) describes them as French Royalist. De Roll’s Regiment was predominantly Swiss in origin and were considered superior to the KGL (Haythornthwaite, 1995). Weak in numbers this regiment had to recruit from French deserters. Three companies were sometimes brigaded with men from Dillon’s Regiment as the Roll Dillon Provisional Battalion. De Roll’s rifle company also formed part of a combined light infantry battalion.

    Dillon’s Regiment

    De Roll’s, Dillon’s, and De Watteville’s Regiments were the remains of those French and Swiss troops which refused to serve the French after the Revolution, and Sapherson (1991) describes them as French Royalist. Haythornthwaite (1995) suggests Dillon’s Regiment was another Swiss unit – certainly it operated with the Swiss De Roll Regiment. Like De Roll’s, Dillon’s was considered superior to the KGL. Weak in numbers this regiment had to recruit from French deserters. At times three companies of de Roll’s regiment and five of Dillon’s were combined into a provisional battalion called “Roll Dillon’s”.

    De Watteville’s Regiment

    De Roll’s, Dillon’s, and De Watteville’s Regiments were the remains of those French and Swiss troops which refused to serve the French after the Revolution, and Sapherson (1991) describes them as French Royalist. Weak in numbers this regiment had to recruit from French deserters.

    Chasseurs Britanniques

    Originally formed in 1801 from French émigrés overtime it was kept up to strength by prisoners of war, deserters, and other nationals (Italians, Poles, Swiss) (Haythornthwaite, 1995). This mix led to high desertion rates, so much so the unit was never used on outpost duty. None-the-less the unit was considered of good quality, largely because of the French royalist officers.

    Calabrian Free Corps / Calabrian Light Infantry and Rifles

    The Calabrian Free Corps was a two battalion unit (shrinking to one) raised by Sir John Stuart in Sicily. It had British officers and Calabrians in all other ranks. It was also known as the Calabrian Light Infantry and Rifles, reflecting its split between these two types of troops.

    Anglo-Italian Levy / Italian Legion

    I assume what Gates (1986) calls the “Anglo-Italian Levy” is what Haythornthwaite (1995) call the “Italian Legion” as both are Italian and both served in the Eastern army, and there is nobody else in that force with a similar description. The Italian Legion was a 2 battalion unit formed form Italian prisoners in England. Austrians commanded the first regiment and other foreigners in Sicilian service the 2nd.

    3rd ‘Estero’ Sicilian Infantry Regiment

    The 3rd ‘Estero’ Sicilian Infantry Regiment was a regular unit of two battalions (Sapherson, 1991).

    Sicilian Grenadier Battalion

    Sapherson (1991) notes that the Sicilian Grenadier Battalion – who also fought with the Eastern Army – would have had the same uniform as the Grenadiers from the Estero Regiment.

    Foreign Recruit Battalion

    Horse

    Cavalry

    British Cavalry usually had fours squadrons, each of two troops (Partridge & Oliver, 1998). Only three squadrons took the field and the fourth was kept at home as a training depot. Regiments numbers at most 500 men.

    Brunswick-Oels Hussars

    The Brunswick-Oels Hussars had 200-250 men formed into 2 squadrons (Sapherson, 1991). They, along with 12 companies of infantry, were raised in 1809 for Austrian service from German, Croat, Danish, Dutch, Italian and Polish prisoners of war. The Brunswickers almost immediately transferred to British service. Only the Hussars served in the Eastern army in Spain.

    1st Sicilian Light Dragoons

    References

    Funcken, L. and F. (1973). The Napoleonic Wars (Part II). London: Ward Lock.
    Haythornthwaite, P. (1995). Uniforms of the Peninsular Wars 1807 – 1814. London: Arms and Armour Press.
    Kannik, P. (1968). Military Uniforms in Colour. London: Blandford.
    Rafferty, J. (1988a). Painting Guide to Napoleonics (Part One): British Infantry. Active Service Press.
    Rafferty, J. (1988b). Painting Guide to Napoleonics (Part Two): British Cavalry. Active Service Press.
    Rafferty, J. (1989a). Painting Guide to Napoleonics (Part Nine): French & British Artillery. Active Service Press.
    Sapherson, C. A. (1991). Peninsular Armies 1808 – 1814. Leeds, UK: Raider Books.
    Schaumann, A. (1999). On the road with Wellington: The diary of a war commissary. Greenhill Books.

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